A. Ethics Definition
Ethics is a thing to connection the filsafat primary branch
which study some point or qualified to become standar and point of moral.
Ethics encompass analytic and some application concept like right, wrong, good,
bad and responbility. St. John of Damascus (7th century before christ)
replacing etihcs in study practical philosophy.
Etihcs is begining when a human reflect some ethics element
from spontant opinion in our life. a requirement to reflection will be
refleted, among other because our ethics opinion not usually different
with opinion from other people. For that
we need ethics, that mean for finding information about what is human (us) must to do.
In Metodologis, not every single of action is can be judge to ethics. Etihcs need
some attitude, critical, metodichal, and systematic from make some reflection.
Because of that ethics is a one good science, ethics objection is human
behavior. Ethics have viewpoint normatif. That mean ethics is look the other good and bad for
Human Behavior.
Ethics is divided become three main part: meta-ethics,
ethics normative and applied ethics.
B. ETHICAL PRINCIPLES
There are 8 ethics principle nursing which must knowing by
nurse in giving service treatmen to the Individu, Group, and people.
1. Autonomy
Principle is based with faith, that the individu is can think logical and make
their decision. A mature is capability to make their own decision and the
people must respected it. Autonomy is right autonomy and individual freedome which demand to
self-difference. One Example which not to see autonomy otonomi is telling the
client about their good situation, even through getting disruption or
deviation.
2. Beneficience principle is the
principle which according to nurse for making something good, therefore it can
prevent any error or evil. For example is the nurse advised to klien about program exercise for restore
health commonly.
3. Justice.n This
principle is reflection in professional practice when the nurse working for
good treatment. a practice standar and faith which right to get qualified good
service.
4. Nonmaleficince
this principle is not getiing bad effect such physic and psychological not
getting danger to client.
5. Veracity this
point of view is not only have by nurse but must have by all medical service to
send the truth to all of each client for each but must to make all client
understand.
6. Fidelity is
big responsibility to nurse is to increase health, prevent the disceace, health
regrenated, and minimize the pain. to
make it the nurse must have a commitment to keep promise and respect their
commitment to other people.
7. Confidentiality
is the information about other client must procted by client privasion. to
documentated about circumstances health client just can be read for need the
treatment and health increase for client
8.Accountability
is the standar which certainly some people professional can be judge in
situation with not clear. For the example the nurse have responsibility to
their self, profesion, client, employee and people. if the nurse is wrong give
the medicine to client, they can sue by the client who receive the medicine,
the doctor who give task delegatif and people who demand the professional
skill.
C. BASE OF ETHICAL THEORY
1. Teleogi Ethics
Teleogi Ethics is originated from Greece Word, Telos =
Determination, good or bad measure certain action would be achivied or the
measure which cause effect from that action
Two Flow Ethics Teleologi:
– Egoism Ethics
– Utilitarianisme
Egoism
The core view of selfishness is some action from every
person which basically aim for pursing privasion and promote theme self. Egoism
is become serious issue when the people is become hedonism. hedonism is some
people who find the happinese, materialistic and interest privasion on this
earth solely just for vulgar pleasure.
Example : a manager
company want to make some development into the company, but the manager didn’t
want to increase employee opinion which give interisting information for
increase this system. the manager just want to do what he want to do without
negotiation to their employee. in the end the system which increasing by the
manager is become not productive or not
useful and can make some big potential effect to their company.
Utilitarianisme
This teory is a action which get useful benefit, but that
benefit is not only concern except the people get whole it. From the think of
framework, utilitarianesme is criteria to make good or bad decision is “the
greatest happiness of the greatest number”,
Example : Every teritory leader whichwant to increase therir
region into a Tour. Teritory Leader is mentioned want some opinion to the their
people and invite the people to work together for increasing their region. That
decision action is can get benefit to people and the region it self.
2. Deontologi
The deontologi from greech means is deon that mean is
obligation. because our duty is the first action in this life. the teory
deontology is already accept in the religion context
3. Mandate teory
In the moral mature perhaps this teory is more approaching
for evaluation good or bad some attitude. Themandatet teory is some aspect from
deontology teory, because connect with obligation. Mandate and Obligation is
integrated two same side money. the same category mandate is first to person and second to people. because
the mandate is most suitable with democratis thoughts.
4. Virtue Teory (Virtue)
Virtue teory is viewing attitude people. the action from
this attitude is must fair and honest. The most primary from this part is
defiened by dispotition character which already get by people and get good
behavior some percentage as moral
Example :
a. Wisdom
b. Justice
c. Hardworking
d. Good Hapinese Life
D. EGOISM
Egoism is means some not fair object to people. The core of
egoism from this view is some action from every people on pursuing the
personaly life into growth themselves. The part from this can become one determination from moral
action a every single people. This Egoism is can become new serious matter when
people tend focus to become hedonistis, that mean when personal happinese and
interest just for themeself.
Egoism is the wayof view to protect and increase which
luckly themeself and usually have some effect into increase the personal image
like social, intellectual and the other. Egoism is never look to other person
or people in generally and just think theme self.
reference:
1. https://sariioktavia.wordpress.com/2015/11/01/basis-teori-etika/
2. https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etika
3. https://10menit.wordpress.com/tugas-kuliah/pengertian-etika/
